Endnotes/References:

1 There are 13,000 accredited rLW employers in the UK with around 3,000 of these in Scotland. There are 1.4 million businesses in the private sector alone with employees – of which 96,453 are in Scotland (BEIS, 2022).

2 Insecure contracts are defined as non-permanent work (casual, seasonal, fixed-term and agency - not by choice), less than 16 hours but wanting more (under-employment), volatility in pay or hours while being below median income, zero hours contracts, and low-paid self-employed work.

3 CSR typically refers to a wide-ranging set of voluntary company societal actions involving philanthropy or ethical business or investment practices, and a process by which companies manage their relationships with stakeholders. In the former, CSR is typically linked with brand management, while the latter focusses on the relationship between private sector business conduct and governmental regulatory structures (e.g. Alberada et al 2007). Research in CSR focusses on the governance of the social, ethical and environmental impacts of businesses and the array of ‘soft law’ tools that nation-states employ to shape business conduct (for a review see Kourala et al 2019).

4 A competence approach, also known as a competency-based approach, is an educational and training methodology that focuses on developing specific skills, knowledge, and behaviours required to perform effectively in a particular role or field. The approach emphasises practical application and measurable outcomes, with a focus on demonstrating proficiency in key competencies (Khan et al., 2022).

5 ISO9000 is a set of internationally recognised standards for quality assurance and management to encourage the production of goods and service that meet a globally acceptable level of quality.

1 Hood, C. and Margetts, H., 2007. The tools of government in the digital age. Bloomsbury Publishing.

2 Findlay, P., Warhurst, C., Keep, E., & Lloyd, C. (2017). Opportunity Knocks? The Possibilities and Levers for Improving Job Quality. Work and Occupations, 44(1), 3–22.

3 Scottish Government (2022) Fair Work action plan: becoming a leading Fair Work nation by 2025. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/fair-work-action-plan-becoming-leading-fair-work-nation-2025/

4 Gallie, D. (2007) Production Regimes and the Quality of Employment in Europe, Annual Review of Sociology, 33:1, 85-104.

5 Fair Work Convention (2016) Fair Work Framework. Available at: https://www.fairworkconvention.scot/the-fair-work-framework/

6 Findlay et al, 2017, ibid.

7 Hood, C. and Margetts, H., 2007. The tools of government in the digital age. Bloomsbury Publishing.

8 Christiano, A. and Neimand, A., 2017. Stop raising awareness already. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 15(2), pp.34-41. Available at: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/stop_raising_awareness_already#

9 Christiano and Neimand, 2017, op cit.

10 Christiano and Neimand, 2017 op cit.

11 CCPS (2023) 4 steps to fair work campaign. Available at: https://www.ccpscotland.org/campaign/

12 Robertson, Judith. (2017). See Me: Scotland Case Study. 10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_20. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306035593_See_Me_Scotland_Case_Study

13 For example, Bell, S. and Director, N.H.S., 2019. Fair and Healthy Work For All. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/266991004.pdf

14 Findlay, P. and McQuarrie, J. Trade Union Reps in Scotland 2023 (forthcoming).

15 Sissons, P., 2020. Making progress? The challenges and opportunities for increasing wage and career progression. Work Foundation. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/lums/work-foundation/PaulSissonsFinalPaperforpublicationBH.pdf

16 Ingold, J. and McGurk, P. (2023) Employer Engagement: Making Active Labour Market Policies Work, Bristol: Policy Press.

17 Lindsay, C. (2018) ‘Work First versus Human Capital Development in employability programmes’ in U-C. Klehe and E. van Hooft (eds), Oxford handbook of job loss and job search, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 561-573.

18 Wright, S., Fletcher, D. and Stewart, A. (2020). Punitive benefit sanctions, welfare conditionality and the social abuse of unemployed people in Britain: transforming claimants into offenders? Social Policy and Administration, 54 (2): 278-294.

19 Scottish Government (2021) Fair Start Scotland Evaluation Report 4: Overview of Year 3, Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

20 Scottish Government (2022) Fair Start Scotland: Economic Evaluation, Edinburgh: Scottish Government.

21 Ingold, J. and McGurk, P. (2023) Employer Engagement: Making Active Labour Market Policies Work, Bristol: Policy Press.

22 Heery, E., Nash, D., and Hann, D. (2021) ‘Twenty Years of the Living Wage: The employer experience, Report for The Living Wage Foundation’, [Available at: https://www.livingwage.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-07/LWF%202021%20Living%20Wage%20Employer%20Experience%20Survey%20Report.pdf]

23 Johnson, M., Koukiadaki, A., and Grimshaw, D. (2019) ‘The Living Wage in the UK: testing the limits of soft regulation?’, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 2019 25:3, 319-333, Heery, E., Nash, D., and Hann, D. (2021) ‘Twenty Years of the Living Wage: The employer experience, Report for The Living Wage Foundation’, [Available at: https://www.livingwage.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-07/LWF%202021%20Living%20Wage%20Employer%20Experience%20Survey%20Report.pdf]

24 Heery, E., Nash, D., and Hann, D. (2021) ‘Twenty Years of the Living Wage: The employer experience, Report for The Living Wage Foundation’, [Available at: https://www.livingwage.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-07/LWF%202021%20Living%20Wage%20Employer%20Experience%20Survey%20Report.pdf]. Cunningham, I., James, P., Baluch, A., and Cullen, A. (2022) ‘Introducing Fair Work through ‘Soft’ Regulation in Outsourced Public Service Networks: Explaining Unintended Outcomes in the Implementation of the Scottish Living Wage Policy’, Industrial Law Journal, Volume 52, Issue 2, pp 312–341, [Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwac023]

25 Cunningham, I., James, P., Baluch, A., and Cullen, A. (2022) ‘Introducing Fair Work through ‘Soft’ Regulation in Outsourced Public Service Networks: Explaining Unintended Outcomes in the Implementation of the Scottish Living Wage Policy’, Industrial Law Journal, Volume 52, Issue 2, pp 312–341, [Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwac023]

26 Heery, E., Nash, D., and Hann, D. (2021) ‘Twenty Years of the Living Wage: The employer experience, Report for The Living Wage Foundation’, [Available at: https://www.livingwage.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-07/LWF%202021%20Living%20Wage%20Employer%20Experience%20Survey%20Report.pdf]

27 Richardson, J (2023) Precarious pay and uncertain hours: Insecure work in the UK Labour Market. Available at: https://scottishlivingwage.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Precarious-Pay-and-Uncertain-Hours-DRAFT-27-07-23.pdf

28 Cominetti et al (2023). Low Pay Britain. London: Resolution Foundation.

29 Living Wage Foundation (2023) Living Hours Accreditation: Employer Guide. Available at: https://scottishlivingwage.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Living-Hours-Guide.pdf

30 Living Wage Foundation, 2023, ibid.

31 Heery, Hann and Nash, 2017, op cit.

32 Scottish Government (2022) Scotland leads on the Real Living Wage, Available at: https://www.gov.scot/news/scotland-leads-on-the-real-living-wage/

33 Richardson, 2023, op cit.

34 Johnson, M., Koukiadaki, A., and Grimshaw, D. (2019) ‘The Living Wage in the UK: testing the limits of soft regulation?’, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 2019 25:3, 319-333

35 Lopes, A. and Dewan I.A. (2015) ‘Precarious Pedagogies? The Impact of Casual and Zero-Hour Contracts in Higher Education.’, Journal of Feminist Scholarship 7 (Fall): 28-42.

36 Richardson, 2023, op cit.

37 LWF, 2023b LWF 2023b Media briefing https://www.livingwage.org.uk/media-key-information-and-statistics

38 Heery, E., Nash, D., and Hann, D. (2021) ‘Twenty Years of the Living Wage: The employer experience, Report for The Living Wage Foundation’, [Available at: https://www.livingwage.org.uk/sites/default/files/2023-07/LWF%202021%20Living%20Wage%20Employer%20Experience%20Survey%20Report.pdf]

39 Richardson, 2023, op cit.

40 CIPD (2022) Zero hours contracts: evolution and current status. Available at: https://www.cipd.org/globalassets/media/knowledge/knowledge-hub/reports/zero-hours-contracts-report-aug-2022_tcm18-110465.pdf

41 Kirkton, G and Greene, A.M. (2009) ‘The costs and opportunities of doing diversity work in mainstream organisations’, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol.19 (2) pp 159-175. Wiley: London.

42 For example, Brunton, V.J., Dickson, K., Caird, J., Oliver, S., Hinds, K. and Thomas, J., 2016. Developing evidence-informed, employer-led workplace health.

43 Knights, D. and Omanović, V., 2016. (Mis) managing diversity: Exploring the dangers of diversity management orthodoxy. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 35(1), pp.5-16.

44 Quardokus Fisher, K., Kaufman, E., Calagna, O., Myles, L., Brinkworth, C., Simmons, D.R. and Dixon, P.G., 2019. Developing scientists as champions of diversity to transform the geosciences. Journal of Geoscience Education, 67(4), pp.459-471.

45 Kulik, C.T., 2014. Working below and above the line: The research–practice gap in diversity management. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(2), pp.129-144.

46 Findlay, P., Dutton, E., Murray, N. and McQuarrie, J., 2022. Women in Agriculture: Approaches to Implementing Equality Commitments. Available at: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/87573/1/Findlay-etal-SG-2022-Women-in-agriculture-approaches-to-implementing.pdf

47 Gould, Robert, Courtney Mullin, Sarah Parker Harris, and Robin Jones. "Building, sustaining and growing: disability inclusion in business." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 41, no. 3 (2022): 418-434.

48 e.g. Edmunds and Clow 2012; Healy G.N., Eakin E.G., Winkler E.A., Hadgraft N., Dunstan D.W., Gilson N.D. and Goode A.D. (2018) ‘Assessing the Feasibility and Pre-Post Impact Evaluation of the Beta (Test) Version of the BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit in Reducing Workplace Sitting: Pilot Study’, JMIR Formative Research Vol.2(2):e17.

49 Hazell, R., Cogbill, A., Owen, D., Webber, H. and Chebib, L. (2018) ‘Critical Friends? The Role of Non-Executives on Whitehall Boards’, The Constitution Unit, University of London.

50 HoC (2023) ‘The Role of Non-Executive Directors in Government. Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee’, Seven Session 2022-2023, London: House of Commons.

51 Mihail, B.A. and Micu, C.D., 2021. The influence of the independent non-executive board members on the financial performance of the companies listed in the bucharest stock exchange. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(10), p.462.

52 Hazell, R., Cogbill, A., Owen, D., Webber, H. and Chebib, L. (2018) ‘Critical Friends? The Role of Non-Executives on Whitehall Boards’, The Constitution Unit, University of London; HoC (2023) ‘The Role of Non-Executive Directors in Government. Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee’, Seven Session 2022-2023, London: House of Commons.

53 McCrudden, C., 2007. Corporate social responsibility and public procurement. Available at:

54 Howe, J., & Landau, I. (2009). Using Public Procurement to Promote Better Labour Standards in Australia: A Case Study of Responsive Regulatory Design. Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(4), 575-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185609339520.

55 McCrudden, 2007, ibid.

56 McCrudden, 2007, op cit.

57 Martin-Ortega, Olga and Methven O'Brien, Claire, Advancing Respect for Labour Rights Globally Through Public Procurement (October 2, 2017). Politics and Governance 2017, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 69–79 DOI: 10.17645/pag.v5i4.1073, University of Groningen Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 15/2018, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3170368.

58 Clasen J & Clegg D (2007) Levels and Levers of Conditionality: Measuring Change within Welfare States. In: Clasen J & Siegel N (eds.) Investigating Welfare State Change: The 'Dependent Variable Problem' in Comparative Analysis. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 166-197. https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/investigating-welfare-state-change

59 Stahl, CM., Kirton-Darling, J., Goudriaan, J W., Bragason, K. and Roethig, O. (2023) EU funds need stronger social conditionality, Social Europe, 11^th May. Available at: https://www.socialeurope.eu/eu-funds-need-stronger-social-conditionality.

60 Stahl et al, 2023, op cit.

61 Roethig, O and de Spiegelaere, S (2021) Reversing the procurement race to the bottom. Available at: https://www.socialeurope.eu/reversing-the-procurement-race-to-the-bottom

62 Willard, M (2023) CAP Social Conditionality: A Game Changer for Farm Workers? Available at: https://www.arc2020.eu/cap-social-conditionality/

63 Martin-Ortega and O’Brien, op cit; Jahrling et al, op cit.

64 Howe, J., & Landau, I. (2009). Using Public Procurement to Promote Better Labour Standards in Australia: A Case Study of Responsive Regulatory Design. Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(4), 575-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185609339520.

65 Howe and Landau, ibid.

66 Jaehrling, K., Johnson, M., Larsen, T. P., Refslund, B., & Grimshaw, D. (2018). Tackling Precarious Work in Public Supply Chains: A Comparison of Local Government Procurement Policies in Denmark, Germany and the UK. Work, Employment and Society, 32(3), 546-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018758216.

67 Holley, S., 2014. The monitoring and enforcement of labour standards when services are contracted out. Journal of Industrial Relations, 56(5), pp.672-690.

68 Jaehrling et al, op cit.

69 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2017), How do cities lead an inclusive growth agenda?, [Available: https://www.jrf.org.uk/how-do-cities-lead-an-inclusive-growth-agenda].

70 Stahl et al, ibid.

71 City of Edinburgh Council (2023) Small Business Bonus Scheme relief examples. Available at: https://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/downloads/file/33160/sbbs-relief-examples-2023

72 Fraser of Allander Institute (2022) ‘An Evaluation of the Small Business Bonus Scheme’, Scottish Government: Edinburgh.

73 Scottish Union Learning (2023) Fair Work: Leadership and Equality Programme 2023/24. Available at: https://www.scottishunionlearning.com/funding-fairwork/

74 Findlay, P., Stewart, R., Dutton, E. and Warhurst, C. (2006). ‘Evaluation of the Scottish Union Learning Fund (SULF) (2000–2005)’. Social Research, Scottish Executive. http://scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/05/23131735/0

75 Livingstone, R. (2022). Dynamic and relational aspects of collaborative innovation in health and social care. Doctoral thesis, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.

76 Findlay, P and McQuarrie, J (2023) Fair Work in the Third Sector in Scotland: A report for Glasgow Council for the Voluntary Sector. Available at: https://www.gcvs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Fair-Work-Research-Report-GCVS.pdf

77 Scottish Union Learning (2021) Fair Work in Practice - Unite the Union Case Study: Effective Voice. Available at: https://www.scottishunionlearning.com/news/news/fair-work-in-practice---unite-the-union-case-study-effective-voice/

78 Watkins, D., Newcomer, J.M., Earnhardt, M.P., Marion, J.W., Opengart, R.A. and Glassman, A.M. (2016) ‘A cross-sectional investigation of the relationships education, certification, and experience have with knowledge, skills, and abilities among aviation professionals’, International journal of aviation, aeronautics, and aerospace, 3(1), p.6.

79 Mackay, M. (2017) ‘Professional development seen as employment capital’, Professional Development in Education, 43(1), pp.140-155

80 Fisher, B. (2004) ‘Workforce skills development: the professional imperative for information services in the United Kingdom’, In ALIA Biennial Conference, Gold Coast, Australia. Retrieved from http://conferences. alia. org. au/alia2004/pdfs/fisher. b. paper. pdf.

81 Gallie, D., Felstead, A., Green, F. and Inanc, H., 2017. The hidden face of job insecurity. Work, employment and society, 31(1), pp.36-53.

82 Pate, J., Martin, G. and Robertson, M. (2003) ‘Accrediting competencies: a case of Scottish vocational qualifications’, Journal of European Industrial Training, 27(2/3/4), pp.169-176.

83 Bjornavold, J., 2000. Making learning visible: Identification, assessment and recognition of non-formal learning in Europe. Bernan Associates, 4611-F Assembly Drive, Lanham, MD 20706-4391.

84 Rothwell, A. and Arnold, J. (2005) ‘How HR professionals rate ‘continuing professional development’. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), pp.18-32.

85 Anlesinya, A., Amponsah-Tawiah, K., Dartey-Baah, K., Adeti, S.K. and Brefo-Manuh, A.B. (2023) ‘Institutional isomorphism and sustainable HRM adoption: a conceptual framework’, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 55(1), pp. 62-76

86 Guler I, Guillen MF, MacPherson JM. 2002. Global competition, institutions, and the diffusion of organizational practices: the international spread of the ISO 9000 quality certificates. Administrative Science Quarterly 47: 507–531.

87 Devins, D., Johnson, S. and Sutherland, J. (2004) ‘Employer characteristics and employee training outcomes in UK SMEs: A multivariate analysis’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(4), pp.449-457.

88 Chapman, J.A. and Lovell, G. (2006) ‘The competency model of hospitality service: why it doesn't deliver’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(1), pp.78-88.

89 Werner, A. (2021) ‘Why do managers of small and medium-sized businesses seek voluntary Living Wage accreditation?–An exploration of choice rationales’, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(6), pp.778-789.

90 Dickinson, Peter (2022) ‘Review of Employment Charters in the English Mayoral Combined Authorities’, Warwick: ReWAGE.

91 Dickinson, P. (2022) ibid.

92 Dickinson, P. (2022) ibid.

93 Taylor, M., Marsh, G., Nicol, D. and Broadbent, P. (2017) ‘Good work: the Taylor review of modern working practices’, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, London, viewed 4 Oct 2023, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/good-work-the-taylor-review-of-modern-working-practices

94 Nash, J. and Ehrenfeld, J., 1997. Codes of environmental management practice: Assessing their potential as a tool for change. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 22(1), pp.487-535.

95 Guler et al, op cit.

96 Nash and Ehrenfeld, 1997, op cit.

97 Nash and Ehrenfeld, 1997, op cit.

98 Guler at al (2002) op cit.

99 Guler et al (2002) op cit.

100 Bourne, M., Franco-Santos, M., Pavlov, A., Lucianetti, L., Martinez, V. and Mura, M. (2008) The Impact of the Investors in People Standard on People Management Practices and Firm Performance, Centre for Business Performance, Cranfield School of Management, 2008.

101 Bell, E., Taylor, S. and Thorpe, R., 2002. A step in the right direction? Investors in People and the learning organization. British Journal of Management, 13(2), pp.161-171.

102 Investors in People, internal data.

103 Cox, A., Higgins, T., Tamkin, P. and Luanaigh, A N (2012) UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES) Evaluation of investors in people : employer case studies. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7e45b9e5274a2e8ab46f1b/Evaluation_of_IiP_Case_Studies_Exec_summary_year_1.pdf

104 Cox et al., 2012, ibid.

105 Ram, M., 2000. Investors in People in small firms: case study evidence from the business services sector. Personnel review, 29(1), pp.69-91.

106 Fraser, S., 2003. The impact of Investors in People on small business growth: who benefits?. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 21(6), pp.793-812.

107 Bell, E., Taylor, S. and Thorpe, R., 2001. Investors in people and the standardization of professional knowledge in personnel management. Management Learning, 32(2), pp.201-219.

108 Bourne et al (2008) op cit.

109 Bourne, M. and Franco-Santos, M., 2010. Investors in People, managerial capabilities and performance. Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University.

110 Bell et al (2001) op cit.

111 Down, S. and Smith, D., 1998. It pays to be nice to people: Investors in People: The search for measurable benefits. Personnel Review, 27(2), pp.143-155.

112 Cox et al., 2013, op cit.

113 Bourne et al (2008) op cit.

114 Down and Smith, 1998, op cit.

115 Bell et al 2001, op cit.

116 Down and Smith, 1998, op cit.

117 Graves, A., Rowell, A. and Hunsicker, E (2019) An Impact Evaluation of the Athena SWAN

Charter. Available at: https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager/documents/ecu/Athena-SWAN-Impact-Evaluation-2019_1579524189.pdf

118 Wenger, E.C., and Snyder, W.M. (2000), Communities of Practice: The Organizational Frontier, Harvard Business Review, January-February 2000, [Available: https://hbr.org/2000/01/communities-of-practice-the-organizational-frontier].

119 Probst, G. and Borzillo, S., 2008. Why communities of practice succeed and why they fail. European management journal, 26(5), pp.335-347.

120 Wenger and Snyder, 2002, op cit.

121 Afun, N.E.E., Aye, G.E., yevoo, L.L., Godt, S., Binka, C., Okine, V., and Agyepong, I.A. (2022), ‘Establishing communities of practice to improve health policy, systems and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in West Africa’, Ghana Medical Journal, Vol.56, No.33. DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v56i3.5

122 Juraido, R., and Gustafsson, N. (2007), ‘Emergent communities of practice in temporary inter‐organisational partnerships’, The Learning Organization, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 50-61. DOI:10.1108/09696470710718348

123 Dewhurst, F.W., and Cegarra-Nevarro, J.G. (2004), ‘External Communities of Practice and Relational Capital’, The Learning organization, Vol. 11 No 4/5, pp.322-331.DOI: 10.1108/09696470410538224

124 Hamel, G. (1991), ‘Competition for Competence and Inter-Partner Learning Within International Strategic Alliances’, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 83–103. [Available: www.jstor.org/stable/2486643].

125 Probst and Borzillo, 2008, op cit.

126 Juriardo and Gustafsson, op cit.

127 Hamil, op cit

128 Juriardo and Gustafsson, op cit.

129 SCDI (2022), Now is the time for purpose: Putting purpose at the heart of Scottish business, report for the Business Purpose Commission for Scotland, [Available: https://www.scdi.org.uk/policy/commission-calls-for-purpose-led-recovery-and-growth/].

130 Lave, J., and Wagner, E. (1991), Situated learning legitimate peripheral participation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press in Wenger et al 2002 (ibid).

131 Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2027, op cit.

132 SCDI, 2022, op cit.

133 Juraido and Gustafsson, 2007, op cit.

134 Probst and Borzillo, 2008, op cit.

135 Police Scotland, 2022, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Strategy 2022-26, Available at: https://www.scotland.police.uk/spa-media/lzwb5v2s/police-scotland-equality-diversity-and-inclusion-strategy-2022-26.pdf (accessed 8/3/23).

136 NHS Scotland, 2022, New eLearning module for Board members about equality and the Public Sector Duty, Available at: https://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/news/new-elearning-module-for-board-members-about-equality-and-the-public-sector-duty/

137 Kulkarni, M. and Lengnick‐Hall, M.L., 2011. Socialization of people with disabilities in the workplace. Human Resource Management, 50(4), pp.521-540. Kulkarni et al., 2018; Meacham et al., 2019)

138 Findlay et al (2022) op cit.

139 Woodhams, C. and Corby, S., 2007. Then and now: disability legislation and employers' practices in the UK. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(3), pp.556-580.

(Woodhams & Corby, 2007; Woodhams & Danieli, 2000).

140 Mumby, D.K., 2005. Theorizing resistance in organization studies: A dialectical approach. Management communication quarterly, 19(1), pp.19-44.

141 (Philips, N. & Hardy, C (1997), Managing Multiple Identities: Discourse, Legitimacy and Resources in the UK Refugee System, Organisation, 4, 159-185.

142 Jammaers, E., Zanoni, P. and Hardonk, S., 2016. Constructing positive identities in ableist workplaces: Disabled employees’ discursive practices engaging with the discourse of lower productivity. Human relations, 69(6), pp.1365-1386.

143 Jammaers, E. and Ybema, S., 2023. Oddity as commodity? The body as symbolic resource for other-defying identity work. Organization Studies, 44(5), pp.785-805.

144 Dick, P. and Cassell, C., 2002. Barriers to managing diversity in a UK constabulary: The role of discourse. Journal of management studies, 39(7), pp.953-976.

145 Roos, H., Mampaey, J., Huisman, J. and Luyckx, J., 2020. The failure of gender equality initiatives in academia: Exploring defensive institutional work in Flemish universities. Gender & Society, 34(3), pp.467-495.

146 Roos, H. and Zanoni, P., 2018. Directors’ discursive resistance to gender board quota. More women on boards of directors: An international perspective, pp.69-84.

147 Powell, S., Ah‐King, M. and Hussénius, A., 2018. ‘Are we to become a gender university?’Facets of resistance to a gender equality project. Gender, Work & Organization, 25(2), pp.127-143.

148Johansson, K., Andersson, E., Johansson, M. and Lidestav, G., 2020. Conditioned openings and restraints: The meaning‐making of women professionals breaking into the male‐dominated sector of forestry. Gender, Work & Organization, 27(6), pp.927-943.

149 Kalev, A., Dobbin, F. and Kelly, E., 2006. Best practices or best guesses? Assessing the efficacy of corporate affirmative action and diversity policies. American sociological review, 71(4), pp.589-617.

150 Woodhams and Corby, 2007, op cit.

151 Erickson, W.A., von Schrader, S., Bruyère, S.M. and VanLooy, S.A., 2014. The employment environment: Employer perspectives, policies, and practices regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 57(4), pp.195-208.

152 Pérez-Conesa, F.J., Romeo, M. and Yepes-Baldó, M., 2020. Labour inclusion of people with disabilities in Spain: the effect of policies and human resource management systems. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(6), pp.785-804.

153 Findlay, P and Lindsay, C (2023) Managing People for Engagement, Innovation, Productivity and Wellbeing. Available at: https://www.propelhub.org/managing-people-for-engagement-innovation-productivity-and-wellbeing/

154 Findlay et al (2022) op cit.

155 Nutley, S., Davies, H.T.O. and Walter, I. (2007) Using evidence: how research can improve public services, Bristol: Policy Press.

156 Boaz, A., Davies, H.T.O., Fraser, A. and Nutley, S., (2019) What Works Now? Evidence-Informed Policy and Practice, Bristol: Policy Press.

157 Findlay, P., Lindsay, C., Watson, A. and Young, D., 2019. Influencing employers so more people break free from poverty through work.

158 Lindsay, C., Houston, D., Byrne, G. and Stewart, R. (2020) Drivers and Productivity Impacts of Under-employment, ESRC Research Report ES/R007810/1, Glasgow: ESRC.

159 Findlay et al, 2019, op cit.

160 Boaz et al., 2019, op cit.

161 Findlay and McQuarrie (forthcoming) op cit.